International Conference on Neurooncology and Neurosurgery September 17-18, 2018 Dubai, UAE

In recent years, cutting-edge genomic and molecular techniques have now begun to clarify the transformed phenotype of brain tumours and identify oncogenic pathways that might be amenable to targeted therapy. Mutation or loss of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and its encoded protein are the most common genetic events in human cancer. p53 functions as a transcription factor and is responsible for the transactivation and repression of key genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis and the cell cycle.

Molecular therapeutic strategies to normalize p53 signalling in cells with mutant p53 include pharmacologic rescue of mutant protein, gene therapy approaches, antisense approaches and oncolytic viruses. Further development of targeted therapies designed to restore or enhance p53 function, and evaluation of these new agents in clinical trials, will be needed to improve survival and quality of life for patients with brain tumors.

High-grade gliomas in children are different from those that arise in adults. World Health Organization recognize the importance of childhood cancer, their main emphasis is on the more easily treated malignancies, such as leukemias and lymphomas, and not pediatric brain tumors, which are the second most common malignancy in children and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the pediatric population. Treatment of brain tumors in children can be very different from treatment in adults.

Contemporary population-based studies confirm the strong prognostic impact of age in many brain tumors. Elderly patients continue to be treated less aggressively than younger patients with the same tumors. However, biological factors may contribute to the negative prognostic impact of age. Moreover, complete responses defined by neuroimaging were much less durable in elderly as opposed to younger patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma in the German Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Study Group trial.

Neuroimmunology is very interesting field of neuroscience, the examination of the nervous system and immune system. Neuroimmunologists hope to better appreciate the participations of these two complex systems in the midst of change, homeostasis, and response to injuries.

For better or for worse, stem cells are here to Stay. Initial treatment options utilizing neural stem cells (NSCs) focused mostly on their ability to reconstitute abnormal or destroyed tissue, as in the case of neurodegenerative disorders or stroke. Quiescent  tumor-initiating with neural stem cell-like properties are resistant to antiproliferative therapy, enabling tumour recurrence.

Spine is a part of the axial skeleton, which is also known as the backbone that provides the main support to the body. The spinal column is formed by 33 interlinking bones which are known as vertebrae which allow the body to stand, bend and provides support to the entire body. The spinal column is divided into 5 categories: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx. When any kind of damage occurs to the spinal cord and leads to spinal cord injury, it causes permanent changes in sensation, strength and other body functions near to the site of the injury.

Spinal disorder refers to the condition diminish the backbone.  These disorders can be congenital by birth, accidents, and injuries, or naturally due to the aging process.  Some spinal disorders include spinal muscular atrophy, ankylosing spondylitis, spine tumors, lumbar spinal stenosis, osteoporosis and cauda equina and equine syndrome.

A brain tumor takes place when a mass of tissue that's shaped by an aggregation of abnormal cells. For the most part, the cells in body age, die, and are recovered by new cells. But tumor cells increase, indeed in spite of the fact that the body does not need them, and not at all like typical old cells, they don't pass on. As this handle final, the tumor proceeds to develop as increasingly cells are included to the mass. Many distinctive sorts of brain tumors are there. Among them some brain tumors are noncancerous (benign), and a few brain tumors are cancerous (malignant). Brain tumors can begin in your brain (primary brain tumors), or cancer can start in other parts of your body and spread to your brain (secondary, or metastatic brain tumors) but not all brain tumors are cancer.

In Pregnancy, the overall incidence of any malignancy is 1 per 1000 pregnancies, with predominant tumor types reflecting the overall incidence of tumor in women of child bearing age, with cervical cancer and breast cancer accounting for just over 50%. Pregnancy might stimulate tumor growth among women diagnosed with gliomas. Pregnant women with glioma face a high rate of caesarean section deliveries (46%) and a 25% risk of disease progression.  Oncological treatments were immediately performed after delivery in 70% of cases who have glioma. For gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy (n = 28), the tumor was discovered during the second and third trimesters in 29% and 54% of cases, respectively, with seizures being the presenting symptom in 68% of cases.

Changes in vision related with brain tumors can incorporate double vision or unexplained obscured vision and making it troublesome to studied and watch TV, or you may experience transitory loss of vision ('greying out'), frequently happening when you suddenly stand up or alter pose. Or you may discover you have lost part of your field of vision. This could lead to you bumping into objects, or you could feel as in case objects or individuals are abruptly showing up on one side of you.

The  optic disc at the back of eye getting to be swollen as a result of the expanded weight in the skull which leads to the changes in vision. The optic disc is the point on the retina where the optic nerves enters the eye from the brain. As the tumor develops, or there is build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, it can squeeze normal healthy brain tissue counting the main cranial nerve inside the brain. The coming about weight can change how well the nerve works, and on the off chance that this happens to the optic nerve, your vision can be affected.

Neurostimulation provides pain relief by interrupting the traveling of pain signals between the brain and the spinal cord. In other words, it defeats pain. Neurostimulation therapy treatment, also known as spinal cord stimulation, is the safe delivery of low voltage electricity to the dorsal column or peripheral nerves.

Glutamate recognized as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, in part due to its ubiquitious nature and diverse metabolic roles within the CNS. It is used by nerve cells to send the signal to another cell.

Neuroimaging is an umbrella term counting an assortment of strategies and innovations. Neuroimaging refers to procedures that deliver images of the brain without requiring surgery, cut of the skin, or any coordinate contact with the inside of the body.

The word 'biomarker' alludes to the 'biological marker', or indicator. It could be a alter in a quality in the tumour's DNA, or it could be a molecule created by the tumor. biomarkers have risen as diagnostic, prescient, and prognostic instruments that have the potential to convert the field of brain tumor diagnostics. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker is extraordinarily explored as an elective diagnostic fluid to serum in the look for pediatric brain tumor markers.

Neuropathology is explain about the contamination of central and peripheral nervous tissue in adults and children, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or complete autopsies. Neuropathology is a subordinate long-suit of anatomic pathology, neurology, and neurosurgery. Work of the neuropathologist comprises predominantly, of largely of examining biopsy tissue from the brain and spinal cord to assist in the interpretation of disease. The biopsy is typically requested after a mass is detected by radiologic imaging. With reference to autopsies, the central drudgery, of the neuropathologist is to facilitate in the post-mortem diagnosis of a variety of forms of dementia, mental health  and other affliction that affect the central nervous system.

Psycho-oncology is highly multi-disciplinary. The dimensions of psycho-oncology have changed as more children and adults have earned the title of cancer survivor. Children with brain tumors and CNS disease are likely to experience more psychological distress which is thought to be largely due to the neurocognitive effects of their disease. Psychological distress can persist beyond primary treatment, and often increases in the long-term phase of illness due to the perceived threat and experience of recurrence and functional decline. Over the last decade, there have been many advances in the psychosocial management of people with brain tumour.

Spine surgery is recommended by surgeons if the non-invasive treatment such as exercise, medication, physiotherapies and psychical therapy fails to relieve symptoms. Surgery is only considered in those cases where the exact source of pain can be determined, such as a herniated disc, scoliosis or spinal stenosis. As with the orthopedic surgeries, spinal surgeries require plates, rods, bone screws, and inter-body devices, like interspinous process devices, inter-body cage, and pedicle screws to stabilize the spine until the spinal fusion solidifies properly.

The Surgical Neuro-oncology Program specializes in the surgical cancers treatment influencing the brain and spine tumors, counting pituitary tumors and other injuries of the cranium base. Pediatric brain tumors are treated by multidisciplinary bunch counting pediatric oncologist, radiation oncologist and neurosurgeon. The group of neurosurgeons, neurologists, radiation oncologists, medical caretakers, social specialists, nutritionists, and others work to care patients, to accomplish higher cure rates and longer survival, and to chart the course of treatment for patients.

A neurologist is a specialist with specialized training in treating, diagnosing and disorders of the spine and brain. Neurologists are the principal care suppliers or specialists to other doctors. Neurologists can prescribe surgical treatment, but do not perform surgery. When treatment incorporates surgery, neurologists will monitor surgically treated patients and administer their proceeding treatment.

Neurosurgeons are more than fair brain specialists. These therapeutic masters are prepared to offer assistance patients with head and spine injury; cerebrovascular disarranges, such as aneurysms of the brain and clogged arteries in the neck that can lead to strokes, birth defects, brain and spinal tumors and abnormalities of the peripheral (face, arms, hands, legs and feet) nerves.

The nurses implemented their knowledge and skills to adopt different measures in different conditions, investigated the patients’ health problems and carried out personalized effective actions. Nurses should put effort into community nursing to allow patients to live in a safe environment, to satisfy the health needs of human being and their needs for health knowledge and enhance their self-care abilities. nurses are the main professionals who carry out community health education.

Cognitive skills can be measured using special tests to determine if someone has problems with thinking, emotions or behaviour. The test results can help identify appropriate treatments to optimize the person’s cognitive functions. During an initial (baseline) evaluation, tests can be done to measure Memory, language skills, visual/spatial functions, Attention/concentration, emotional functioning, overall quality of life, executive functions (problem-solving, planning and organization skills), mental processing speed (quickness in thinking) and motor skills (the movement of muscles in the body such as moving the arms, hands, legs or feet).